Rail Import via Sarakhs and Central Asia
Rail from Central Asia and China to Iran is the middle option: cheaper than air, faster than sea, and high in capacity for bulky cargo. Iran has two main rail entry points: Sarakhs (from Turkmenistan) and Incheh Borun (the Eastern Caspian corridor from Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan). The key point is that the rail networks on the route use a 1,520 mm gauge while Iran uses 1,435 mm. At the border the cargo needs a bogie change or a transfer, and that time should be in your plan from the start.
Two Rail Entry Points into Iran
According to the head of the Tehran Chamber’s transport commission, freight trains from China cross Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan and enter Iran at crossings such as Incheh Borun.
Under normal conditions this means about one train a day carrying 54 40-foot containers, with transit of 21 to 30 days. Other sources report 15 to 28 days.
These are reported figures and shift with train slots and border queues, so get a current estimate when booking cargo transit in Iran.
Bogie Changes at Sarakhs
Because the track gauge differs across the border, wagon wheels and axles are replaced with suitable bogies, or the cargo is transferred. The step is routine but adds time and cost.
Choose the wagon by cargo: covered, open, flat, or container.
Waybills and Documents
Routes crossing two legal regimes are usually moved on a combined CIM/SMGS consignment note.
Besides the invoice, packing list, and certificate of origin, the Iranian side needs order registration and its code, the exact HS code, and a customs declaration so customs clearance in Iran runs without delay.
From the Station to the Final Destination
After arrival at the station, the cargo must go by truck to its destination.
Customs free time is limited, so book inland transport in advance to keep the gap between unloading from the train and final delivery short.
Factors Behind Time and Cost
Wagon or container type, the number of border interchanges, train slots, the season, and customs clearance and inland transport costs.
Practical Tips
- 01
Build the bogie-change time into your schedule.
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02
Check whether your route falls under CIM, SMGS, or both.
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03
Choose the wagon type by the nature of the cargo.
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04
Complete order registration before booking the train.
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05
Book delivery transport from the station to the destination in advance.
Frequently Asked Questions
Why is a bogie change needed at Sarakhs?
Because Iran’s gauge (1,435 mm) differs from that of the countries on the route (1,520 mm).
Is rail import all-rail?
Not necessarily. The first and last legs are usually done by road.
How long does rail from China take?
About 15 to 30 days has been reported, depending on the route and border queues.
Rail import becomes predictable with planned bogie changes, correct documents, and coordinated delivery transport. For a quote or advice on rail import, cargo transport in Iran, or customs clearance in Iran, contact the Shahan Kalaban team.